54 academic sources about AI literacy

Found the old fashioned way, with Google scholar and Scopus

1) Almatrafi, O., Johri, A., & Lee, H. (2024). A systematic review of AI literacy conceptualization, constructs, and implementation and assessment efforts (2019–2023). Computers and Education Open, 6, 100173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100173

2) Anson, C. M., Delorme Benites, A., Ganobcsik-Williams, L., Mahlow, C., & McKee, H. A. (2025). Reflections on Writing and Generative AI: A Symposium. Journal of Academic Writing, 15(S2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.18552/joaw.v15iS2.1121

3) Arias Hernández, R., & Rockembach, M. (2025). Building trustworthy AI solutions: Integrating artificial intelligence literacy into records management and archival systems. AI & SOCIETY. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02194-0

4) Bewersdorff, A., Hornberger, M., Nerdel, C., & Schiff, D. S. (2025). AI advocates and cautious critics: How AI attitudes, AI interest, use of AI, and AI literacy build university students’ AI self-efficacy. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, 100340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100340

5) Bozkurt, A. (2024). Why Generative AI Literacy, Why Now and Why it Matters in the Educational Landscape? Kings, Queens and GenAI Dragons. Open Praxis, 16(3), 283–290. https://doi.org/10.55982/openpraxis.16.3.739

6) Carolus, A., Koch, M. J., Straka, S., Latoschik, M. E., & Wienrich, C. (2023). MAILS - Meta AI literacy scale: Development and testing of an AI literacy questionnaire based on well-founded competency models and psychological change- and meta-competencies. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 1(2), 100014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100014

7) Casal-Otero, L., Catala, A., Fernández-Morante, C., Taboada, M., Cebreiro, B., & Barro, S. (2023). AI literacy in K-12: A systematic literature review. International Journal of STEM Education, 10(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-023-00418-7

8) Chiu, T. K. F., Chen, Y., Yau, K. W., Chai, C., Meng, H., King, I., Wong, S., & Yam, Y. (2024). Developing and validating measures for AI literacy tests: From self-reported to objective measures. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, 100282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100282

9) Gerlich, M. (2025). AI Tools in Society: Impacts on Cognitive Offloading and the Future of Critical Thinking. Societies, 15(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15010006

10) Getto, G., Kelley, S., & Vance, B. (2025). How to Write With GenAI: A Framework for Using Generative AI to Automate Writing Tasks in Technical Communication. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 00472816251332208. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472816251332208

11) Ghimire, A. (2025). Utilizing ChatGPT to integrate world English and diverse knowledge: A transnational perspective in critical artificial intelligence (AI) literacy. Computers and Composition, 75, 102913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2024.102913

12) Gu, X., & Ericson, B. J. (2025). AI Literacy in K-12 and Higher Education in the Wake of Generative AI: An Integrative Review (arXiv:2503.00079). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.00079

13) Gupta, A., Atef, Y., Mills, A., & Bali, M. (2024). Assistant, Parrot, or Colonizing Loudspeaker? ChatGPT Metaphors for Developing Critical AI Literacies. Open Praxis, 16(1), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.55982/openpraxis.16.1.631

14) Gupta, A., & Shivers-McNair, A. (2024). “Wayfinding” through the AI wilderness: Mapping rhetorics of ChatGPT prompt writing on X (formerly Twitter) to promote critical AI literacies. Computers and Composition, 74, 102882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2024.102882

15) Hornberger, M., Bewersdorff, A., & Nerdel, C. (2023). What do university students know about Artificial Intelligence? Development and validation of an AI literacy test. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 5, 100165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100165

16) Hornberger, M., Bewersdorff, A., Schiff, D. S., & Nerdel, C. (2025). A multinational assessment of AI literacy among university students in Germany, the UK, and the US. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 4, 100132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100132

17) Kajiwara, Y., & Kawabata, K. (2024). AI literacy for ethical use of chatbot: Will students accept AI ethics? Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 100251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100251

18) Kalantzis, M., & Cope, B. (2025). Literacy in the Time of Artificial Intelligence. Reading Research Quarterly, 60(1), e591. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.591

19) Karaca, O., Çalışkan, S. A., & Demir, K. (2021). Medical artificial intelligence readiness scale for medical students (MAIRS-MS) – development, validity and reliability study. BMC Medical Education, 21(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02546-6

20) Knoth, N., Tolzin, A., Janson, A., & Leimeister, J. M. (2024). AI literacy and its implications for prompt engineering strategies. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 100225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100225

21) Koch, M. J., Wienrich, C., Straka, S., Latoschik, M. E., & Carolus, A. (2024). Overview and confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis of AI literacy scale. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, 100310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100310

22) Kohnke, L., Zou, D., Ou, A. W., & Gu, M. M. (2025). Preparing future educators for AI-enhanced classrooms: Insights into AI literacy and integration. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, 100398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100398

23) Laupichler, M. C., Aster, A., & Raupach, T. (2023). Delphi study for the development and preliminary validation of an item set for the assessment of non-experts’ AI literacy. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, 100126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100126

24) Laupichler, M. C., Aster, A., Schirch, J., & Raupach, T. (2022). Artificial intelligence literacy in higher and adult education: A scoping literature review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100101

25) Liddle, D., & Grant, C. (2024). AI Literacy as a Potential Mechanism of Stratification. Proceedings of the 42nd ACM International Conference on Design of Communication, 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1145/3641237.3691645

26) Lodge, J. M., Yang, S., Furze, L., & Dawson, P. (2023). It’s not like a calculator, so what is the relationship between learners and generative artificial intelligence? Learning: Research and Practice, 9(2), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2023.2261106

27) Long, D., & Magerko, B. (2020). What is AI Literacy? Competencies and Design Considerations. Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376727

28) Lyons, M. (2022). The History of Illiteracy in the Modern World Since 1750. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09261-9

29) Ma, Q., Crosthwaite, P., Sun, D., & Zou, D. (2024). Exploring ChatGPT literacy in language education: A global perspective and comprehensive approach. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, 100278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100278

30) Mäkelä, E., & Stephany, F. (2025). Complement or substitute? How AI increases the demand for human skills.

31) Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, S. K. W., & Qiao, M. S. (2021). Conceptualizing AI literacy: An exploratory review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 100041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100041

32) Oates, A., & Johnson, D. (2025). ChatGPT in the Classroom: Evaluating its Role in Fostering Critical Evaluation Skills. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-024-00452-8

33) Oeldorf-Hirsch, A., & Neubaum, G. (2023). What do we know about algorithmic literacy? The status quo and a research agenda for a growing field. New Media & Society, Online first, 1–21.

34) Özçevik Subaşi, D., Akça Sümengen, A., Semerci, R., Şimşek, E., Çakır, G. N., & Temizsoy, E. (2025). Paediatric nurses’ perspectives on artificial intelligence applications: A cross‐sectional study of concerns, literacy levels and attitudes. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 81(3), 1353–1363. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.16335

35) Pei, B., Lu, J., & Jing, X. (2025). Empowering preservice teachers’ AI literacy: Current understanding, influential factors, and strategies for improvement. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, 100406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100406

36) Pinski, M., & Benlian, A. (2024). AI literacy for users – A comprehensive review and future research directions of learning methods, components, and effects. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 2(1), 100062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2024.100062

37) Promma, W., Imjai, N., Usman, B., & Aujirapongpan, S. (2025). The influence of AI literacy on complex problem-solving skills through systematic thinking skills and intuition thinking skills: An empirical study in Thai gen Z accounting students. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, 100382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100382

38) Ramazanoglu, M., & Akın, T. (2025). AI readiness scale for teachers: Development and validation. Education and Information Technologies, 30(6), 6869–6897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-13087-y

39) Southworth, J., Migliaccio, K., Glover, J., Glover, J., Reed, D., McCarty, C., Brendemuhl, J., & Thomas, A. (2023). Developing a model for AI Across the curriculum: Transforming the higher education landscape via innovation in AI literacy. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, 100127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100127

40) Sperling, K., Stenberg, C.-J., McGrath, C., Åkerfeldt, A., Heintz, F., & Stenliden, L. (2024). In search of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy in teacher education: A scoping review. Computers and Education Open, 6, 100169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100169

41) Su, J., Ng, D. T. K., & Chu, S. K. W. (2023). Artificial Intelligence (AI) Literacy in Early Childhood Education: The Challenges and Opportunities. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, 100124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100124

42) Suchikova, Y., & Tsybuliak, N. (2025). The Purity Myth: Why Stigmatizing GAI in Academic Writing Is Harmful. Science Communication, 10755470241313233. https://doi.org/10.1177/10755470241313233

43) Tadimalla, S. Y., & Maher, M. L. (2024). AI Literacy for All: Adjustable Interdisciplinary Socio-technical Curriculum. 2024 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE61694.2024.10893159.

44) Thäsler-Kordonouri, S., & Koliska, M. (2025). Journalistic Agency and Power in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Journalism Practice, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2025.2480238

45) Tully, S., Longoni, C., & Appel, G. (2025). EXPRESS: Lower Artificial Intelligence Literacy Predicts Greater AI Receptivity. Journal of Marketing, 00222429251314491. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429251314491

46) Wang, B., Rau, P.-L. P., & Yuan, T. (2023). Measuring user competence in using artificial intelligence: Validity and reliability of artificial intelligence literacy scale. Behaviour & Information Technology, 42(9), 1324–1337. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2072768

47) Wang, Z., & Wang, C. (2025). A posthumanist approach to AI literacy. Computers and Composition, 76, 102933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2025.102933

48) Wiese, L. J., Patil, I., Schiff, D. S., & Magana, A. J. (2025). AI ethics education: A systematic literature review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, 100405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100405

49) Wu, D., Chen, M., Chen, X., & Liu, X. (2024). Analyzing K-12 AI education: A large language model study of classroom instruction on learning theories, pedagogy, tools, and AI literacy. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, 100295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100295

50) Yim, I. H. Y. (2024). Artificial intelligence literacy in primary education: An arts-based approach to overcoming age and gender barriers. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, 100321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100321

51) Yim, I. H. Y., & Su, J. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) learning tools in K-12 education: A scoping review. Journal of Computers in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-023-00304-9

52) Yi-No Kang, E., Chen, D.-R., & Chen, Y.-Y. (2023). Associations between literacy and attitudes toward artificial intelligence–assisted medical consultations: The mediating role of perceived distrust and efficiency of artificial intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior, 139, 107529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107529

53) Yue Yim, I. H. (2024). A critical review of teaching and learning artificial intelligence (AI) literacy: Developing an intelligence-based AI literacy framework for primary school education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, 100319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100319

54) Zurovac, E., Boccia Artieri, G., & Donato, V. (2024). Tales of Visibility in TikTok: The Algorithmic Imaginary and Digital Skills in Young Users. In D. Radovanović (Ed.), Digital Literacy and Inclusion (pp. 113–126). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30808-6_8